This study examines the transformation of library spaces from traditional custodial repositories into adaptive civic infrastructures that support learning, collaboration, and community engagement. Historically, libraries were designed primarily for preservation and controlled access to knowledge; however, rapid digitalization, evolving learning practices, and changing user expectations have necessitated a fundamental rethinking of library design and function. Using spatial theory, comparative case studies, and policy analysis, the research investigates how contemporary libraries integrate flexible spatial zoning, digital technologies, inclusive design principles, and participatory planning processes. Particular attention is given to the challenges and opportunities faced by academic libraries in India within the framework of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The findings reveal that successful library transformation depends on mission alignment, stakeholder engagement, hybrid digital–physical environments, and adaptable infrastructure that accommodates diverse user needs. The study proposes an integrated framework for redesigning library spaces that balances innovation with resource constraints, offering practical guidance for librarians, architects, administrators, and policymakers seeking to create inclusive, future-ready library environments